The impact of environmental pollution on public health
Keywords:
Public health, environmental pollution, PM2.5, ecological risk, air quality index, cardiovascular diseases, statistical analysis, Fergana Valley, industrial zones, medical-demographic indicatorsAbstract
This scientific article investigates the negative impact of air, soil, and water pollution on public health, using the Fergana Valley region as a case study. The study focuses on the increasing concentrations of harmful pollutants—particularly PM2.5, NO₂, and SO₂—and their association with the rising prevalence of cardiovascular, respiratory, and oncological diseases. A multidisciplinary methodology was employed, incorporating statistical analysis, medical-demographic data, and environmental monitoring results. Using specific assessment formulas, the degree of health impact was quantified. The findings revealed that residents living near industrial zones exhibit higher rates of chronic illnesses. A 10 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5 concentration is linked to a 3.8% rise in disease incidence among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. In particular, winter PM2.5 levels in Tashkent significantly exceed WHO-recommended thresholds by 5–6 times. Based on the data, the study proposes practical, science-based recommendations for reducing environmental risks and enhancing public health outcomes. These results offer valuable insights for shaping public health strategies and environmental protection policies in Uzbekistan and may serve as a methodological guide for similar regions facing comparable ecological challenges.
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