Conceptual and theoretical foundations of assessment
Abstract
This thesis examines the conceptual and theoretical foundations of educational assessment, tracing its development from traditional psychometric models towards contemporary learner-centred and competency-based approaches. The study analyses the evolution of assessment theory through the contributions of major scholars such as Bloom, Black and Wiliam, Sadler, Hattie, Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick, and others who emphasised the formative role of assessment in supporting learning and developing competencies. Particular attention is given to formative assessment, feedback mechanisms, self-regulated learning, competency-based education, and the relationship between assessment and curriculum design.
Key words: Educational assessment, formative assessment, summative assessment, feedback, self-regulated learning, competency-based education, higher education, assessment theory, curriculum alignment, learning-oriented assessment, student-centred learning, assessment reform, digital assessment, higher education reform in Uzbekistan
References
1. Black, Paul & Wiliam, Dylan (1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 7–74.
2. Bloom, Benjamin S. et al. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. New York: Longmans.
3. Deci, Edward L. & Ryan, Richard M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
4. Garrison, D. Randy & Vaughan, Norman D. (2008). Blended Learning in Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
5. Gipps, Caroline (1994). Beyond Testing: Towards a Theory of Educational Assessment. London: Falmer Press.
6. Hattie, John (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. London: Routledge.
7. Nicol, David J. & Macfarlane-Dick, Debra (2006). “Formative Assessment and Self-Regulated Learning.” Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199–218.
8. Sadler, D. Royce (1989). “Formative Assessment and the Design of Instructional Systems.” Instructional Science, 18(2), 119–144.
9. Scriven, Michael (1967). The Methodology of Evaluation. Chicago: Rand McNally.
10. Shepard, Lorrie A. (2000). “The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture.” Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4–14.
11. Stiggins, Rick (2005). “From Formative Assessment to Assessment FOR Learning.” Phi Delta Kappan, 87(4), 324–328.
12. Vygotsky, Lev S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
13. Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of Uzbekistan (2020). Methodological Guidelines for Competency-Based Assessment. Tashkent.
14. Government of Uzbekistan (2017). Strategy of Actions on Five Priority Areas of Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017–2021. Tashkent.
15. Government of Uzbekistan (2020). Law on Education. Tashkent.
